Critical Analysis On Fracking And Fracking Essay - 1790 Words

Critical Analysis for Fracking Throughout the last six or five years, America was introduced to a new invention called Fracking, which is to help access oil and gas through a technical machine. Due to some concerns, it has been difficult to have a median between its risks and benefits. Those who oppose it are concerned with what will happen to the environment and if their fresh water can be at risk for contamination. Those who are for fracking probably are not too concerned for the environment and must receive some good profit from it. In order to understand why fracking has become a very controversial topic, I have to go through some true research to understand the public s and businesses point of view. Before I begin my critical analysis about fracking I will have to go through detail on how it actually works. Fracking uses a very technical machine that first drills a hole on a â€Å"oil reservoir† or â€Å"marcellus formation† that â€Å"involves pumping water, sand , and some trace chemicals under high pressure into a completed wellbore† (White). After all of the ingredients and chemicals are pressured in, it creates â€Å"fissures† which â€Å"allow[s] oil or natural gas to flow into the well† (White). The fracking process seems a little dangerous as I read that chemicals are being inserted into the earth but it does not seem as bad when White explains it. According to White, â€Å"the fracking material is a mix of water, trace chemicals, and sand†¦ few[chemicals], Guillen 2 such as guar gum,Show MoreRelatedCritical Analysis On Fracking And Fracking1907 Words   |  8 PagesCritical Analysis for Fracking Recently, America was introduced to a new invention called fracking, which makes it conveniently possible to access oil and gas. The fracking process consists of using a technical machine that digs through the surface of the earth and inserts large amounts of water with mixed chemicals to rapidly attain large amounts of oil and gas. However, it has been difficult for people to reach a median between its risks and benefits. Those who refuse fracking are concerned thatRead MoreCritical Analysis of Fracking1054 Words   |  5 PagesSection I – Critical Analysis Problem The United States is facing an energy crisis. Dependence on foreign oil has led to geopolitical conflict, and global fossil fuel consumption is damaging the environment at an alarming rate. Add to this an exploding world population, and it is clear that the US needs to find an alternative source of energy. Question Can the natural gas deposits in the Marcellus Formation, extracted through fracking, be the solution to the United States’ energy problemRead MoreEssay Hydraulic Fracturing Must be Reformed1457 Words   |  6 Pagesmore critical than ever. In 2011, the United States used 18.83 million barrels of raw oil daily, and in 2010 19.18 million barrels of petroleum products and biofuels. In 2010 and 2011, that was nearly 22% of the world’s oil supply. (U.S Department of Energy) Previously inaccessible areas in the Marcellus Shale region of the United States, stretching from West Virginia to New York, are being unearthed by a controversial method of extracting natural gas, called hydraulic fracturing, or fracking. ARead MoreThe Crisis Of The Fukushima Nuclear Plant After An Earthquake1566 Words   |  7 Pagesunderstand what hydraulic fracturing is or how it works. â€Å"Hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, forces natural gas and crude oil out of shale buried deep below the earth by using highly pressurized and treated water.† (â€Å"Fracking: How It Works, Where It’s Done†) The blasting of the shale of the water releases natural gas, which is collected, liquefied, and used as energy to power our lives. The approach makes fracking an economical choice, but the effects on the environment are devastating. Air pollutionRead MoreEssay on Hydraulic Fracturing761 Words   |  4 Pagesunderway in the United States., in Europe and in South Ameri ca. (25-50 words).3 â€Å"Hydraulic fracturing (also known as hydrofracking, fracking, fracing, or fraccing) is a water-intensive industrial process that drillers use to collect the natural gas held in shale formations. Shale gas has become an increasingly important energy resource in the U.S. Fracking fluid contains water, salt, sand, and hazardous industrial chemicals. This fluid is injected at high pressure underground into geologicRead MoreFracking : A Reliable Energy Solution1386 Words   |  6 Pagesused hydraulic fracturing also known as fracking to extract oil and gas from the earth. Most people believe fracking is a new process but it has been around for over 100 years. Modern day fracking began in the 1990’s when George P Mitchell created a new technique by combining fracking with horizontal drilling. Since then, U.S. oil and gas production has skyrocketed. But the â€Å"new† perception of fracking leads people to incorrectly believe that fracking is temporary and that it somehow harms theRead MoreSources Of Oil And Gas Essay1486 Words   |  6 Pagesin India. MS project software has been used to carefully manage and keep a track of activities in the given timeline. Application of PERT and CPM has helped to identify the critical path for the project. Once the critical events are known then a close monitoring is required for efficient project management. By making an analysis of PERT and CPM various suggestions on the existing plan are provided that may be hindrance in project execution and a corresponding solution is identified for smooth movementRead MoreThe Case of the Wayward Water: Drinking Water Getting Tainted with Fracking Fluid1445 Words   |  6 Pagescontroversial procedure called fracking. As reports of drinking water becoming tainted with fracking fluid flood the news, both oil and gas companies as well as environmental groups are presenting competing facts about the effects of drilling on ground water. Economists are often asked to prepare reports with objective analyses balancing the cost and potential damage to the water sources against economic benefits to the local and national communities. These requests for analysis can provide interestingRead MoreIndia s Production Of Shale Gas3074 Words   |  13 Pagesrocks that are hard to reach, such as shale rock or coal beds. Recent technological advances have made it possible to get these new sources of energy out of the ground. Shale gas is extracted from shale rock using fracking, or hydraulic fracking of the rock. The application of the fracking process has been used in the oil industry for a long time. Shale gas extraction has the potential to change the energy industry around the world and help countries to become more self-sustainable from the traditionalRead MoreHydraulic Fracturing : A Common And Widespread Technique1637 Words   |  7 Pagesreservoirs. 2. Fracturing Fracturing can be defined in a different number of ways. 2.1. What is Fracturing? Hydraulic fracturing (also hydrofracturing, hydrofracking, fracking, or fraccing) is a well-stimulation technique in which rock is fractured by a pressurized liquid. The process involves the high-pressure injection of fracking fluid (primarily water, containing sand or other proppants suspended with the aid of thickening agents) into a wellbore to create cracks in the deep-rock formations

Medical Marijuana Should Be Legal Essay - 1028 Words

Should the use of marijuana for medicinal purposes be legalized? Wouldn’t it be simple to provide a simple black or white answer to this question? Across the nation there is much debate on this very topic, one that I don’t believe can be solved so easily with a yes or no. There are so many activists that have strong opinions on this subject and go to the fullest extent to ensure they are heard. As simple straight forward as this question is it was hard for me to determine which side of the line I stood on. After reading all of the articles and much research on the issue I find myself leaning toward allowing medicinal marijuana use. By allowing medicinal marijuana use there are going to have to be many precautions taken to ensure that†¦show more content†¦There have been many research efforts within the United States alone to help relieve the disbelievers of the drugs ability to help patients who really need it. Although Marijuana has not yet been proven to cure glaucoma, it has been proven the drug does relieve the pressure set forth from glaucoma. Along with that there are many research efforts to show how Marijuana is a helping factor for relieving some of the symptoms associated from the AIDS virus in patients by helping the patients eat and retain food. Along the same lines with patients who are anorexic, the use of marijuana creates an appetite in those patients and allows them to eat and retain more food.2 Finally several studies have shown that the medicinal value of marijuana is one of the safest therapeutic substances known. There is no evidence of death associated with an overdoes of marijuana. Many doctors find value in the prescription of marijuana for the treatment of nausea and to increase appetite in a variety of patients, reduction of intraocular pressure of the eye, reduction of muscle spasms, and the relief from chronic pain. Patients with chronic diseases the use of marijuana has been beneficial when dealing with symptoms, helping the patients overcome some of the pain. For AIDS patients marijuana reduces the nausea, vomiting and loss of appetite caused by the virusShow MoreRelatedMedical Marijuana Should Be Legal904 Words   |  4 PagesMedical Marijuana Although marijuana is illegal and lacks FDA approval it should be used to treat cancer. Opponents of medical marijuana argue that it is too dangerous to use, lacks FDA approval, and that various legal drugs make marijuana use unnecessary. They believe marijuana is addictive, leads to harder drug use, and injures the lungs, immune system, and brain. They also believe that medical marijuana is a front for drug legalization and recreational use. Benefit that it is isn’t a great treatmentRead MoreShould Medical Marijuana Be Legal?1249 Words   |  5 PagesMarch 1, 2017 Medical Marijuana Informative Unless you ve been living under a rock, you have probably at some point in the last few years had a conversation with a friend or family member regarding medical marijuana. Although it is considered a controversial topic, in recent months it has been gaining approval by the public. But it does not come without opposition and arguments. Medical marijuana is a complex subject and still requires more education for the public, the medical community, and theRead MoreMedical Marijuana Should Be Legal1477 Words   |  6 Pagesacross the nation believe that medical marijuana can provide a variety of benefits ranging from pain relief to increasing appetite. Others won’t provide the drug to patients until more significant evidence is presented. The drug has been a topic of debate for many years, but one thing that researchers can always count on is a growing library of testimonials from patients who have legally experimented with the drug to manage their conditions. As it stands, mari juana has had a different impact in eachRead MoreMedical Marijuana Should Be Legal1651 Words   |  7 Pagesmost commonly referred to as marijuana. Medical marijuana refers to the use of cannabis and its cannabinoids to treat disease or improve symptoms (Wikipedia.com). Cannabis contains two active ingredients inside called cannabinoids (CBD) along with the delta-g-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). The medicinal and psychoactive effects that personally associate with marijuana are caused by unique structures of cannabinoids. In addition, the major psychoactive ingredient in marijuana is THC, which additionallyRead MoreShould Medical Marijuana Be Legal?1778 Words   |  8 Pagesusing medical marijuana for chronic pain outweigh the risks? Medical Marijuana is a topic we have all heard a couple of times in the past years. It has been a debatable topic since there seems to be a lot of opinions on what should be and shouldn’t be legal. Some say its benefits outweigh anything else, and some others state that there is a hazard involved with this drug. There are studies on both sides of the question that demonstrate what appear to be clear benefits for medical marijuana, asRead MoreMedical Marijuana Should Be Legal1545 Words   |  7 Pagesmedicinal utility of marijuana. However, the federal government opposes passing legislation that would legalize medical marijuana because of its potential to be abused or unregulated. The states are continuously challenging the federal government causing complications in legislation in regards to medical marijuana. Because of its history of medicinal properties and accumulating amounts of state and local legislation, the federal government should decriminalize medical marijuana an d legalize its useRead MoreMedical Marijuana Should Be Legal1053 Words   |  5 PagesMedical marijuana, also called cannabis, is used in some places as a medication to treat diseases and symptoms. Many people consider it helpful and harmless making it the most used illicit drug in North America. With legalizing medical marijuana people can alleviate some health problems and help ease physical pain, but it also can bring many concerns, questions, and responsibility. Legalizing cannabis can help many people with their health conditions. There are some advantages to taking medicalRead MoreShould Medical Marijuana Be Legal?1591 Words   |  7 Pagesdebated topic on marijuana legalization is widely argued. Whether it’s for medical or recreational usages, this topic is reaching boiling point. The complicity on the legalities of marijuana has reached a point in society where legal usage has been popping up across the country. In the medical sector, studies have shown benefits, and harmful effects in patients. Some physicians support, however some physicians do see health concerns that influence their stance on whether medical marijuana laws are toRead MoreMedical Marijuana Should Be Legal897 Words   |  4 PagesMedical Cannabis Weed Cannabis, also known as Marijuana has many effects to it. In recent years officials have decided that it should be used for medical usage. They have found out that it helps many medical conditions. Medical cannabis has many things that could cure. Studies has shown that it slows the response time in the synapses in the brain it helps the brain heal. For example if someone was in a bad wreck it allows the brain to eventually heal. Because it is unlike other prescribed drugs weedRead MoreMedical Marijuana Should Be Legal860 Words   |  4 Pagesthat medical marijuana might be useful in reducing this pressure. Marijuana has also became a common sight in the medicine cabinets of patients suffering from HIV/AIDS and many different forms of cancer. Cannabis consumptions has been known for its ability to stimulate appetite commonly referred to as â€Å"getting the munchies.† Medical marijuana can successfully benefit its patients with HIV or cancer by helping generate an appetite through the use of plant. Researchers have shown that medical cannabis

Essay about Multicultural Manners - 1117 Words

The nation is becoming more multicultural. More immigrants and refugees are arriving each year, and with globalization occurring, students should expect to deal with people from different cultures more than ever. If the students do not have adequate training, they could easily offend a member from a different culture. True, students should have had at least one class in Intercultural Communication, or taken other classes to prepare them for study-abroad. If a student is planning to go to France during their junior or senior year, they have studied the language and expectations of the culture. However, some classes do not have time to cover all topics related to cultures. In addition, students that are not planning to study abroad†¦show more content†¦It is not surprising that he is shocked when every time he tries to complete a deal, he fails. He does not know why he is not having any success; he has studied the language, what went wrong? Well, if this student had pro per intercultural training before he left, he would have known that he was making some big mistakes, the biggest one was thinking that every business setting worked like America’s business setting. The Multicultural Manners book would have provided answers to his question. For example, he may have tried to greet the Japanese business partners with a hug and eye contact. However, under the â€Å"Body Language† section of Multicultural Manners, it specifies that when around the Japanese keep eyes downward and avoid body contact (Dresser 15-16). In the â€Å"Miscellany† section, it says to accept a card from a business Japanese partner with both hands and a slight bow. Then read the card a little, shake hands and bow again. Afterwards, the card should go into the front pocket of a jacket or card case, never in the back pocket. If the American business student wishes to give the Japanese business collaborates a card, he should have English on one side and Japa nese on the other (Dresser 155-156). Lastly, under the same section it mentions that when during business practices, avoid getting straight to business. Establish a friendship with your businessShow MoreRelatedLeadership Styles Developed By Sogeti With The Team Park Implementation866 Words   |  4 Pagespurpose of the platform was to foster collaboration and sharing of ideas across a global network. The program was intentionally designed to be fluid without a formal internal leadership structure other than having community owners to assure proper manners and maintain order within the community. However, there are two very important leadership concepts to be considered under this new paradigm. They are team leadership and culture. These concepts may have been realized by the Sogeti leaders; howeverRead MoreMulticultural Counseling Is The Hour Of The Need1204 Words   |  5 Pages Multicultural counseling has been on the rise since the 20th century and so far plenty of literature highlighting the need of it has been published. The practice is getting more and more popular because the idea is fully in line with the dynamics of the modern world. In diverse regions like US, where the population is composed of culturally different people, multicultural counseling becomes more of a necessity. Thus, the emergence of programs based on multicultural counseling is the hour of theRead MoreImplications For School Districts : Multicultural Education1187 Words   |  5 PagesImplications for School Districts Multicultural education encompasses a variety of instructional methods designed to support the social and academic needs of the learners within the educational environment. Banks (2002) discusses several benefits to incorporating different cultures into a school’s curriculum as well as a strategic plan for executing the strategies. Restructuring a school’s curriculum is an enormous task that requires planning, professional development, monitoring, and evaluationRead MoreRejecting the Myth of Colorblindness in Education1632 Words   |  7 Pagesall the same, rather than how we differ. Teachers and administrators are required to complete coursework pertaining to multicultural education with the purpose of enabling them to better understand the students whom they teach. It is believed that when one understands the culture from which a student belongs, the teacher will be able to reach that student in a more effective manner. But how does this notion of â€Å"unders tanding† a student’s race or culture, thereby individualizing that student basedRead MoreCross Cultural Virtual Teams Essay1523 Words   |  7 PagesCross cultural teams are quite unique when compared to traditional mono-cultural business teams. Mono-cultural team members share similar ideas on how to pass information. The team members of a mono-cultural team also interpret statements in a similar manner. Thus, mannerisms and words spoken are usually clearly understood with almost no ambiguity. This represents a possible advantage over cross cultural teams who have members with different communication styles. There is a tendency for people who comeRead More Challenge of Defining a Single Muliticultural Education Essay666 Words   |  3 Pagesof Defining a Single â€Å"Multicultural Education† nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;As stated in the first paragraph of this article, â€Å"Multicultural education has been transformed, refocused, reconceptualized, and in a constant state of evolution both in theory and in practice.† Multicultural education is always changing. Culture is something that changes on a day-to-day basis. The way our society changes is no one’s hands, but our own. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Multicultural education can be somethingRead MoreMulticulturalism Of The United States As An ( Ethno ) Racial Project939 Words   |  4 PagesKim 2004: 996). Thus, it might be more appropriate to speak of multiculturalism in the United States as an (ethno)racial project. While the direct origin of multicultural rhetoric was America’s race problem, it cannot be fully said that multicultural theory directly answered questions of American’s race problem. In fact, as much as official multiculturalism attempted to make sense of the increasing â€Å"diverse† makeup of its nation, it also hid many of the issues that it was attempting to resolveRead MoreMulticulturalism Is America s Unresolved Race Problem911 Words   |  4 Pagesways in which both social structures and everyday experience are racially organized, based upon that meaning†. Much like that of color-blind policies touted by Omi and Winant as an exemplary racial project and which provides the backdrop for multicultural rhetoric (Omi and Winant 1994L 55-56), official multiculturalism (and other forms of it) in the United States works to interpret, represent or explain the racial dynamics in the United States. But rather than focusing on quintessential ideologiesRead MoreThe Challenges with Human Resource Departments Essay1097 Words   |  5 Pageschallenges and act as the mediator for the employees, organizations, and other stakeholder needs are to be addressed on issues related to laws, policies, and interpersonal skills, managing personnel issues, and setting an environment to coordinate a multicultural workforce. The human resource department requires an orderly approach to handle issues on any given day. This profession requires someone thats tactful and strategically prioritizes the business needs by recruiting employees that are qualifiedRead MoreD iversity Issues in Career Counseling Essay755 Words   |  4 Pagesvalues, bias, and the ability to move beyond barriers in the counseling relationship is essential to successful outcomes in working with clients. The rationale for the appropriateness of multicultural counseling competency and the impact of culture in the counseling process will be discussed as will multicultural counseling in the framework of career counseling. Culture Counseling Counseling provides support, assistance and helps individuals to transition through developmental stages

Affirmative Action The Case For Abolition - 1638 Words

Affirmative Action: The Case for Abolishment America is founded on the belief that all citizens are free to pursue their ambitions regardless of race, color, creed, or national origin. Yet, for the last fifty years, Affirmative Action has created an educational and work environment less focused on equality and more focused on ethnicity. There is no benefit for the United States to enforce Affirmative Action for minorities in educational and employment opportunities and equal treatment, because it promotes reverse discrimination, devalues real accomplishments, and cultivates the minority struggle. Background of Affirmative Action Affirmative Action was established during the 1960’s Civil Right Movement. In 1961, President John F. Kennedy was the first to coin the term â€Å"affirmative action† in an Executive Order (National Conference of State Legislatures [NCSL], 2014, para 2). This Executive Order targeted United States government contractors to promote the hiring, treatment and educational opportunities for minorities and women without consideration of race, color, creed or national origin. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) was a result of President Kennedy’s Executive Order (NCSL, 2014, para 2). In 1965 President Lyndon Johnson signed an Executive Order mandating that all government contractors will incorporate affirmative action hiring policies to allow more minorities to be hired (NCSL, 2014, para 3). In the succeeding years universities and collegesShow MoreRelatedThe Case Of Schuette V. Coalition1675 Words   |  7 PagesThe case of Schuette v. Coalition to Defend Affirmative Action was presented before the Supreme Court of the United States; the case questioned that whether a state violated the Equal Protection Clause of 14th Amendment by maintaining a ban on the racial and sex preferences on the admissions in the public universities in the constitution of the state (Bernstein). The arguments on these cases started on 15th October, 2013 on an appeal for the Sixth Circuit from the United States Court of Appeal, whichRead MoreAfro-Brazilian Self-Identity in Brazil Essay1354 Words   |  6 Pagesof â€Å"black† identity came about much later in Brazil than in othe r countries such as the United States. In my opinion the most important factors for the rise in these identities are the material gains from the Quilombo Clause, the effects of affirmative action and quotas, as well as social activism. One important reason for the increase in people identifying as black in Brazil is the Quilombo Clause in the 1988 constitution. With the 1988 constitution Brazil aimed to become a more multi-culturalRead MoreFor decades, African Americans have been on a racial discrimination and extremely deadly roller2100 Words   |  9 PagesMilestones). This is just a small spark to a fight for abolition and the Underground Railroad to freedom. An early abolition movement in the North, by slaves wanting to liberate themselves and Quakers who opposed slavery and their moral beliefs, started but soon decline when slaves were part of the economic solution to work in the cotton fields. On the other hand, a reaction towards congress passing the Fugitive Slave Act started a new abolition movement. William Lloyd Garrison was one of the crusadersRead MoreDr. Martin Luther King s I Have A Dream Essay1331 Words   |  6 Pagesworks efficiently to fulfill the promise of equality. This principle was upheld in the case of Marbury v Madison (1803) and others like it. Equality is also made possible by the ideas of federalism. Although it is important that the federal government does not have too much power over everyday life, sometimes it is important that it intervenes in order to ensure equality. An example of this can be seen in the case of the 15th and 19th Amendments, which give women and people of all races the right toRead MoreEn during Physical and Mental Abuse in Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl by Harriet Jacobs1253 Words   |  6 Pagesskin. Years of abuse can only be taken for so long, like many other southern slaves in the 1800s Harriet escaped to the North in hopes for a better life. After hiding in an attic for several years, Harriet made it to the North and assisted in the abolition of slavery. Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl unmasked the brutality of how black slaves were treated, and branded less inferior than whites. Although the Thirteenth Amendment, in 1865, abolished slavery, it did not provide for racial equalityRead MoreRace: A Prevailing Factor in American Politics1180 Words   |  5 Pagesbeginning to the Montgomery bus boycotts in Alabama, a great foray into civil rights. The little rock 9 a group of children who helped to integrate the public school systems in Arkansas, and before that the famous brown versus the board of education case was won by Thurgood Marshall , but n one these victories for civil rights are final solutions to the race relation dilemma in the united states. While all were instrumental accomplishments that many thought would never be done during especially duringRead MorePrison Reform Topic Paper : Prisons6604 Words   |  27 Pagesbe an excellent way to narrow a debate about rehabilitation, but before I get to the sorts of affirmative and negative I think are viable under a prison rehabilitation topic, I would like to discuss the benefits of prison reform as a controversy area to the debate community. The debate community has much to benefit by debating prison reform. First, a growing number of teams are critical on the affirmative. Part of their frustration with policy-oriented debate is the topic pushes a conservative perspectiveRead MoreRacism : A Deeply Ingrained Problem1114 Words   |  5 Pageshave assimilated other races in to our government and our popular culture, however we still show our racial biases by socially segregating their abilities and potential. This is the cause for our blatantly racial crisis such as the George Zimmerman case and the riots in Baltimore. As a whole, America s prejudice has significantly decreased over time, but racial biases in our past makes it hard to eradicate these negative ideals. America is not the only country to succumb to racism, during WorldRead MoreHow Racism Became A Problem Today1123 Words   |  5 Pageshave assimilated other races in to our government and our popular culture, however we still show our racial biases by socially segregating their abilities and potential. This is the cause for our blatantly racial crisis such as the George Zimmerman case and the riots in Baltimore. As a whole, America s prejudice has significantly decreased over time, but racial biases in our past makes it hard to eradicate these negative ideals. America is not the only country to succumb to racism, during WorldRead MoreEuthanasia And The Death Of Euthanasia1379 Words   |  6 PagesGenerally people do not seem to realize the variety of problems that occurs when the abolition of Euthanasia is upheld. Terminally ill patients who request to die formally in ways like the painless lethal injection are practicing to the act of Euthanasia. When living with an intolerable condition each and every day the feeling of death will cross your mind numerous of times. When facing the fact that the incurable condition will only lead to one’s death is heartbreaking. Many patients are diagnosed

Death Penalty Free Essays

string(156) " Geography and politics also play a major role, as some counties and individual prosecutors seek the death penalty with much greater frequency than others\." Title: Point: Capital Punishment Should Be Abolished. By: Ballaro, Beverly, Cushman, C. Ames, Points of View: Death Penalty, 2009 Database: Points of View Reference Center Thesis: Capital punishment is useless as a deterrent, morally indefensible, discriminatory in practice, and prone to errors that may have led to the execution of wrongfully convicted people. We will write a custom essay sample on Death Penalty or any similar topic only for you Order Now Its continuing legality in the United States is critically undermining American moral stature around the world. The Supreme Court should bring the United States in line with the rest of the civilized world and hold that death is a cruel and unusual punishment prohibited by the Eighth Amendment. Summary: The death penalty process consumes tremendous amounts of money and resources and fails to deter criminal activity. It is not uniformly applied geographically, and where it is allowed, it is used in an often arbitrary and racist manner. As a result, states have been curtailing the use of the death penalty, the Supreme Court has limited its application, and both death sentences and executions are down sharply. This is at odds with the recent efforts of some states to expand the range of capital crimes, and with national polls which still reflect a clear majority of Americans favor capital punishment. Meanwhile, momentum has been accelerating in the international community to abolish the death penalty, and the United States is increasingly criticized for failing to keep in step with other civilized nations in this area. Capital Punishment in the United States Since the 1977 resumption of capital punishment in the United States, nearly 1,100 convicted prisoners have been put to death in the thirty-eight US states where the practice remains legal. As of the beginning of 2007, approximately 3,350 people remain on death row in American prisons. In recent years, the evidence has shown that the death penalty process consumes tremendous amounts of money and resources and fails to deter criminals. FBI Uniform Crime Report data show no statistical difference in crime rates based on the existence or frequency of use of the death penalty in a particular state. It is applied in an often arbitrary and racist manner and may have led to the execution of innocent people. As a result, momentum has been accelerating in the international community to abolish the death penalty. In the United States, despite a national trend toward scaling back the use of capital punishment, it remains largely popular with the American people, and several states have recently attempted to broaden its scope. A 2008 ruling by the Supreme Court in Kennedy v. Louisiana, however, overturned the death sentence of a man convicted of raping a child, effectively holding that states may only impose the death penalty in murder cases. Still, Virginia is poised to make accomplices to murder, as well as killers of judges and court witnesses, eligible for the death penalty. Missouri may pass a mandatory death penalty for the murder of law enforcement officers. Georgia lawmakers are considering legislation that would permit a judge to impose the death sentence, which currently requires a unanimous vote of jurors, if only nine of twelve jurors on a case are in favor of it. The effort in some states to expand the range of death-penalty-eligible crimes raises questions that are deeply troubling for both pragmatic and moral reasons, and demonstrates the regionalism that has accompanied treatment of capital punishment in recent years. With states like New Jersey abolishing the death penalty completely and others like Illinois, where executions have been halted by executive order, perhaps the most important factor in whether a killer will face the death penalty is not the heinousness of the crime, but where it was committed. From a legal perspective, the abolition of capital punishment in the United States would most likely and effectively come in the form of a decision by the Supreme Court that executions constitute cruel and unusual punishment as forbidden by the Eighth Amendment to the Constitution. As the death penalty is specifically authorized in the Constitution, it could likely not be outlawed nationwide by an Act of Congress, and as stated above, most Americans still approve, making legislative abolition in all states unlikely. Discriminatory Application In the 1972 case of Furman v. Georgia, the Supreme Court ruled that existing state capital punishment laws were applied in an erratic and often random manner. The Supreme Court decided that the Georgia state punishment laws violated the Eighth Amendment prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment, and the Fourteenth Amendment, which guarantees equal protection and due process. Four years later, however, in Gregg v. Georgia, the Court paved the way for states to reintroduce capital punishment when it declared that the death penalty does not necessarily violate the Constitution if administered in a manner designed to guard against arbitrariness and discrimination. Most serious legal challenges to the death penalty since then have concentrated on demonstrating that states are not living up to the standards set in that case. Despite the Court’s insistence upon such safeguards, and judicial pronouncements that all states currently conducting executions have met the standards, disturbing patterns persist in the application of the death penalty. Statistics show, for example, that people who kill white people are far more likely to receive a death sentence than those whose victims were not white, and that black people who kill white people have the greatest chance of receiving a death sentence. Of the approximately 3,350 people on death row as of 2007, nearly all are impoverished, and many belong to minority groups (more than 40 percent are African American). Defendants who have the resources to hire private investigators, psychiatrists, and expert lawyers face much lower odds of ending up in the death chamber. Predictive factors for which convicted murderers are likely to receive a death sentence have less to do with the heinousness of the crimes committed than with the race, sex, and economic class of the prisoner and victim. Geography and politics also play a major role, as some counties and individual prosecutors seek the death penalty with much greater frequency than others. The quality of the defendant’s defense counsel, the political and social leanings of the judge and jury, and the defendant’s degree of mental impairment are also factors that may determine the probability of a death sentence. Fatal Errors The sociological disparities in the death penalty process are well documented. Today, the degree to which systemic flaws in investigative, forensic, and trial procedures can lead to false conviction, and subsequent execution, is coming under increasing public scrutiny. Much of the credit for exposing these fatal errors belongs to the Innocence Project, a legal clinic founded in 1992 by Barry Scheck and Peter Neufeld to assist prisoners who could be proved innocent through post-conviction DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid, which is a sort of genetic fingerprint) testing. As of May 2007, some 201 people had been exonerated by DNA testingincluding fifteen who served time on death row. Their experiences have exposed systemic flaws in the gathering and evaluation of criminal evidence. In most of these cases, a wrongful conviction emerged from a combination of factors, such as police misconduct or investigative errors, unreliable witnesses or false testimony, negligence, forensic errors and even false confessions. Collectively, the inmates exonerated by the Innocence Project served a total of 2,475 years in prison for crimes they hadn’t committed. It is impossible to know how many additional innocent people have been wrongfully convicted and perhaps executed. If for no other reason, the risk of imposing the ultimate penalty by mistake even in one case should give the state pause in assessing the appropriateness of capital punishment. Efforts to speed up and streamline the appeals process for death row inmates, thereby reducing the time spent awaiting execution, also reduce the time for efforts like the Innocence Project to review cases and challenge convictions. While both proponents and opponents of the death penalty have decried the exceedingly long wait between conviction and execution, that time clearly worked in favor of the fifteen prisoners spared from death row. With such exonerations occurring with more regularity, capital punishment, a sentence that cannot be corrected or undone after the fact if a mistake is made, is increasingly at odds with any moral sense of justice. Bad Company The continued existence of the death penalty and recent efforts to broaden it in some parts of the United States have drawn a flurry of international criticism, which further damages American moral credibility on global human rights issues. Many countries the US criticizes for lower standards of individual rights and justice refuse to extradite (deliver a prisoner to the United States to stand trial) murder suspects unless authorities agree not to seek the death penalty. With capital punishment having been banned in nearly all the nations with which the United States enjoys its closest political and cultural ties-Eastern as well as Western Europe, Scandinavia, Russia, South Africa, and most of Latin America-the United States risks increasing its global perception as a pariah nation, out of step with international human rights norms. It was at least partly out of consideration for such norms that the Supreme Court ruled, in the 2005 case of Roper v. Simmons, that it is unconstitutional to impose capital punishment for crimes committed while the offender was under the age of eighteen, and a similar case which prohibited executions of the mentally retarded. Prior to the Court’s ruling, the United States was one of only nine countries (together with China, Congo, Iran, Nigeria, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, and Yemen) known, since 1990, to have executed juvenile offenders. Recent Supreme Court decisions, such as the Louisiana case referenced above, point to â€Å"evolving standards of decency† in restricting application of the death penalty based on the Eighth Amendment prohibition of cruel and unusual punishment. It seems clear to most legal analysts that these evolving standards will eventually dictate the end of the death penalty in the United States, though this may be many decades away, as only two justices (Ruth Bader Ginsburg and David Souter) appear ready to end the practice outright. According to Amnesty International, as of 2007, 129 countries-more than half the world-have abolished the death penalty in law or practice. Nonetheless, during 2006, at least 1,591 people were executed (by methods including beheading, electrocution, hanging, lethal injection, firing squad, stoning, and stabbing) in twenty-five countries, including Bangladesh, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, North Korea, Singapore, Somalia, Uganda, Vietnam, and Yemen. But 91 percent of all documented 2006 executions took place in China, Iran, Pakistan, Iraq, Sudan and the United States, where fifty-three people were executed in twelve states. By continuing to accept and attempting to expand capital punishment, the United States is following a rogue course among democratic nations. Such a course makes American human rights rhetoric ring hollow to our allies. It can also only encourage, in the name of security, the use of other brutal measures by the authoritarian regimes with which the US shares this practice. It is hard for the United States to be a source of moral leadership in the world when our Supreme Court, while recognizing and citing â€Å"evolving standards of decency† in imposing limitations, has not yet seen fit to end a practice that nearly all civilized nations have already ended. Conclusion The death penalty has become cruel and unusual, in violation of the United States Constitution, and the Supreme Court should not continue to wait for American attitudes to catch up with the rest of the world, or continue to act in piecemeal fashion. With the notable exception of 1994 Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act-which made the federal death penalty applicable to, among other crimes, espionage, treason, and large-scale drug trafficking-the criteria for seeking the death penalty in the United States have generally grown more restrictive. In 2006, the number of inmates on death row declined to a historic thirty-year low. Statistically, the application of the death penalty is becoming more â€Å"unusual† each year. The year 2008 brought a flurry of litigation concerning the extent to which lethal injection, the method of execution favored by most states, is â€Å"cruel† in that it inflicts unnecessary pain. Executions were halted nationwide as the Supreme Court took up the issue, ultimately holding in a 5-4 decision that the three-drug cocktail procedure most prevalently used in executions did not cause sufficient probability of pain to be unconstitutional. With several aging members of the Court, and the prospect of a Democratic president poised to make appointments from 2009-2013, the issue is likely to arise again in the future. Capital punishment is useless as a deterrent, morally indefensible, discriminatory in practice, and prone to errors that have likely led to the execution of some wrongfully convicted people. The â€Å"eye for an eye, tooth for a tooth† mentality underlying the death penalty is a prescription for vengeance, not justice, and has been rejected by most civilized nations. American cultural values and constitutional principles no more sanction the punishment of murder by death than they do the whipping of an adulterer, the amputation of a thief’s hand, the beheading of a murderer, or the crucifixion of a rapist, all of which remain common public spectacles in other countries that employ the death penalty. In an era in which America’s survival may depend in large part on winning the hearts and minds of our global adversaries, America’s continuing taste for vengeance betrays justice at home and belies our traditional role in the world as a beacon of reason, compassion, and human dignity. Our Supreme Court has seen the writing on the wall, that evolving global and national moral standards justify the curtailment of the death penalty. It is time for the Court to restore America’s moral and human rights leadership in the world by going the rest of the distance and finally agreeing that death is a cruel and unusual punishment for any crime. Title: Counterpoint: The Death Penalty is Necessary. By: Bowman, Jeffrey, DiLascio, Tracey M. , Points of View: Death Penalty, 2009 Database: Points of View Reference Center Thesis: Opponents of the death penalty routinely argue that it does not deter crime. They miss the point: The death penalty is about the punishment of a crime, not the deterrence of all crime. Summary: The death penalty is a subject worthy of serious debate. It involves ancient questions of crime and punishment, standards of justice and how human beings view their fellow man. In the United States, the federal government and many states allow capital punishment for those criminals guilty of murder, inflicting the ultimate punishment for the ultimate crime of taking an innocent victim’s life. However, there is a vocal minority in the United States that views capital punishment as morally and ethically wrong, equates the death penalty with legalized murder, and asks: If the premeditated killing of another human being is wrong, how does the premeditated killing of the murderer make it right? Shouldn’t society repudiate the death penalty and emphasize mercy rather than revenge? These questions asked by death penalty opponents are legitimate questions for society to consider. The debate surrounding the death penalty includes discussion of the sanctity of human life, personal responsibility, and the role of the state in administering justice. Yet, for all this complexity, the death penalty remains primarily a form of punishment. It assumes that human life is sacred, and that the killers who take the lives of their victims forfeit the rights to their own. A Short History of Murder In the Western legal tradition, murder is defined as the deliberate malicious killing of a person. Throughout history, murder has always been regarded as a serious crime. In tribal societies, it was murder that led to the concept of the blood feud, also known as the vendetta. These destructive practices were rooted in traditions where the relatives of a murder victim demanded compensation, usually in the form of the death of the murderer. Blood feuds rarely ended peacefully, with a majority of them spiraling into full-scale war as retaliatory murders escalated beyond control. More often than not, entire tribes were destroyed by blood feuds. According to some historians and anthropologists, the emergence of religious and legal codes were the first attempts by humans to restrain the destruction of blood euds. The ancient Mesopotamian Code of Hammurabi (1760 BCE) was one of the first examples of a city forming a religious-secular code of rules for citizens to follow. In the Code of Hammurabi are the first proscriptions against murder, and the first occurrence of the phrase â€Å"an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth,† which specified that if a fr ee man murdered another free man, he too would die. The ancient city-states could not allow blood feuds between tribes to escalate into outright war in the streets. By codifying rules of conduct, the state claimed the right and the responsibility of vengeance from the victim’s relatives. Thus, the city-states elevated the crime of murder above the level of the blood feud, claiming that murder affected society as a whole. Murder became the ultimate crime, an offense against society, not just the victim and his family. Finally, the state ended the blood feud by inventing capital punishment. The Death Penalty Has the state always used the death penalty responsibly and fairly? The answer to that question is an unambiguous â€Å"no. † The state has repeatedly abused the death penalty, punishing people not only for murder but also for offenses against the state such as free speech and freedom of religion. Consider some well-known examples: the Athenian Republic executed Socrates, the Roman Empire executed Jesus Christ, and the Roman Catholic Church executed uncounted thousands of heretics. Even in the twentieth century, the Nazi government executed millions. Through the arbitrary application of the death penalty, both the value of human life and the rule of law have been cheapened. If the state can execute people for political or religious beliefs, why should the state need be obeyed in other matters of law and order? Why allow the state the authority over life and death if it consistently abuses the responsibility? In the eighteenth century, philosophers and politicians alike addressed these questions, and the modern concept of prison, a place of incarceration where a criminal pays his debt to society, came into being. Prior to prisons, the majority of crimes, including theft or poaching, were punished by death. The adoption of the prison system suggested that criminals could be reformed rather than just killed. As the idea caught on, the number of crimes punishable by death decreased. By the twentieth century, in Western societies, capital crimes were confined to two main categories: treason and murder. In the latter half of the century, many countries around the world abolished the death penalty outright. The United States, however, did not. The Death Penalty in the United States Throughout American history, capital punishment was widely accepted and widely practiced. Up until the twentieth century, most executions were even held in public. However, coinciding with judicial executions, there was also a history of extrajudicial killings and mob violence, and a disproportionate number of lynching victims were African Americans. Atrocities such as these tarnished the reputation of capital punishment in the United States. In response to the history of lynching and the lack of due process in capital cases, the Supreme Court ruled the death penalty unconstitutional with a 5-4 decision in the 1972 case of Furman vs. Georgia. This decision was extremely controversial, mostly because there was a wide range of judicial opinion on why the justices found the death penalty to be unconstitutional. As a result, no legally coherent rationale was provided to the states. Some justices maintained that the death penalty violates the Eighth Amendment that prohibits cruel and unusual punishment. Others expressed concern that the civil rights of African Americans were being violated due to their disproportionate presence on death row in comparison to white prisoners. However, the overall effect of the decision was to return the death penalty debate back to the states. If states addressed the court’s constitutional concerns in sentencing guidelines, the death penalty would be considered constitutional. Subsequently, state legislatures revised their sentencing procedures. Some states banned capital punishment altogether. Others widened their statutes over what crimes qualified for capital punishment. Currently, several national and international organizations, including Amnesty International, Truth in Justice and the Roman Catholic Church, have declared themselves in outright opposition to the death penalty in America. Through legal challenges and political lobbying, these groups insist on the philosophy that the taking of human life is immoral, regardless of the circumstances. In a court of law, though, there are four main arguments: * The Eighth Amendment bans cruel and unusual punishment * The death penalty is disproportionately applied to the poor and minorities. * The arbitrary and various sentencing structures for capital punishment vary widely from state to state. * There is a possibility that innocent people are executed for crimes they did not commit. These four claims have been the basis of thousands of lawsuits challenging the death penalty. In addition, in order to marshal public support, there are literally thousands of statistics that claim the death penalty does not deter crime. Despite these challenges, public polls regularly reveal that at least 50 percent of the American people are in favor of the death penalty for crimes of murder. However, statistics alone are not the answer to the debate. After the state of Illinois placed a moratorium on capital punishment in 2000, the public began to question the application of the death penalty. In all, seven states have subsequently placed moratoria on executions. A 2007 survey by the Death Penalty Information Center revealed that 40 percent of all Americans would be disqualified from serving on death penalty juries because of their moral beliefs. In the 2007 case of Uttecht vs. Brown, the Supreme Court ruled in a 5-4 decision that the state can remove jurors from serving on death penalty cases if they have moral objections to capital punishment. However, Justice Kennedy wrote in his dissent that the death penalty is becoming increasingly problematic since juries do not represent citizens who object to the death penalty. The death penalty remains an extremely controversial issue. As Americans appear to be extremely divided on the issue, there needs to be greater clarity on the reasons why the death penalty is necessary. Crime and Punishment The debate over the death penalty is philosophical just as much as it is judicial. The central question is: What is the value of human life? By taking innocent human life, does the murderer lose claim to his own? There is no simple answer. The injunction from Hammurabi’s Code of â€Å"an eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth† came down through Western legal tradition. This code expresses an explicit and basic human desire for vengeance and revenge. It even suggests the death penalty is more about revenge than justice. Interestingly, this was the opinion of Albert Pierrepont, the last official hangman in the United Kingdom, who wrote in his memoirs: â€Å"Capital punishment, in my view, achieved nothing but revenge. † But is revenge inherently immoral? Let’s not forget that murder is a horrifying, vicious crime. The reality is that there are few innocent people on death row; the vast majority of these inmates did, in fact, commit the crimes for which they were found guilty. These killers brutally took the lives of innocent victims. By not recognizing the lives of their victims as sacred, they cannot claim their own lives are sacred. In the end, the death penalty is an individual punishment for an individual crime. For better or worse, the law is the codified morality of society. While society is far from perfect, it reserves the ultimate judgment on the rule of law. Punishment is the only proven method to enforce the law. Every American agrees that murder is a crime, and we agree there must be a punishment for the crime. We disagree over whether the death penalty is necessary. If you recognize the sanctity of human life, however, there can be no debate: The ultimate crime deserves the ultimate punishment. How to cite Death Penalty, Essay examples Death penalty Free Essays Has it ever crossed your mind that if you were sentenced to the death penalty, it would be fair to have your life taking away? The death penalty is a very sensitive topic which I would like to discuss. In my opinion taking someone’s life is very foul and my essay will be very blabs against the death penalty. Money, morality, and deterrence are the mall factors In which I disagree with the death penalty; unnecessary money Is being misused, causes conflicts amongst religions, and has not proved to be effective. We will write a custom essay sample on Death penalty or any similar topic only for you Order Now The death penalty is a subject that has been overlooked since the eighteen century B. C. The cost for executing is one of the main reasons many are apposed to it. According to, Procom. Org it costs more to execute someone rather than keep them in Jail for life. Approximately, it costs around 2 million dollars a case as apposed to 1 million for life in prison. Execution is paid through tax payers, which is another reason why multitude of people disagree with it. If the money is being spent on executions, why not instead help those whom have been affected by the crime? Religion also plays a big role in executions. Capital punishment goes against almost every religion, although It Is allowed amongst many religions. Christianity Is one of the few religions which Is pro-choice. Stated by The church of Jesus Christ of Latter- Day saints, â€Å"we neither promote nor oppose capital punishment†. At variance from Buddhism, the first step to Joining the religion requires Individuals to abstain from injuring or killing all living creatures. Therefore, religion is always involved. Deterrence is also a major factor in the death penalty. Some would say its common sense for someone to fear death, leading to less crime and murder. But scientific studies fail to show that executions are more affective than prison in life. Also, there have been many cases in which the individual that is executed has later been proven to be innocent. There has been 34 cases in the U. S. , from 1992 to 2004, which confirm that the victim was innocent. When it comes to the death penalty investigators would be absolutely certain that the person who Is charged with the crime Is found guilty before execution. The reason they should do this Is because if they execute the person first and later on find out he was Innocent there Is no way to bring him back. The death penalty has no deterrent effect. â€Å"States that have abolished capital punishment show no significant changes in crime or murder rates†, told by the UCLA. If theirs no positive outcome in the death penalty why should it still be allowed? Therefore, the death penalty isn’t effective. It costs a lot of money, causes moral dilemmas, and it hasn’t proved to lower the crime rate. In addition to the death penalty, we as a society need to reflect on accountability for breaking the law that results in change behaviors or that lower crime rates. Essay will be very bias against the death penalty. Money, morality, and deterrence are the main factors in which I disagree with the death penalty; Unnecessary money is being misused, causes conflicts amongst religions, and has not proved to be every religion, although it is allowed amongst many religions. Christianity is one of the few religions which is pro-choice. Stated by The church of Jesus Christ of Latter- Buddhism, the first step to Joining the religion requires individuals to abstain from should be absolutely certain that the person who is charged with the crime is found guilty before execution. The reason they should do this is because if they execute the person first and later on find out he was innocent there is no way to bring him back. Dilemmas, and it hasn’t proved to lower the crime rate. In addition to the death How to cite Death penalty, Papers Death Penalty Free Essays Fabio Soto English composition 2 LIBRARY SCAVENGER HUNT Answer the following questions using library or online sources. Respond to each question with one or two complete, correct sentences. Document your sources using MLA documentation guidelines. We will write a custom essay sample on Death Penalty or any similar topic only for you Order Now Reference the Works Cited document located in Week 5’s Assignment instructions to complete questions 1-10. 1. Who was president of the United States when the Federal Reserve was created? ANSWER: When the Federal Reserve was created the president was Woodrow Wilson. DOCUMENTATION: Roger T. Johnson. Historical beginnings.. The federal Reserve. Published by Public and Community Affairs Department Federal Reserve Bank of Boston Revised, February, 2010 http://www. bos. frb. org/about/pubs/begin. pdf 2. What amendment to the U. S. Constitution gave women the right to vote, and in what year? ANSWER: The 19th amendment guarantees all American guarantees all American women the right to vote. DOCUMENTATION: 3. What is the origin of the word â€Å"boycott†? ANSWER: Boycott was the estate agent of the Earl of Erne in County Mayo, Ireland. The earl was one of the absentee landowners who as a group held most of the land in Ireland. Boycott was chosen in the fall of 1880 to be the test case for a new policy advocated by Charles Parnell, an Irish politician who wanted land reform. DOCUMENTATION: The American Heritage â€Å"Dictionary of the English Language†, Fourth Edition copyright 2000 Published by  Houghton Mifflin Company Web. 7 may 2000 http://www. thefreedictionary. com/boycott 4. Who coined the term â€Å"pandemonium,† and in what famous literary work? ANSWER: Pandemonium is a word that was originally coined by John Milton, the great British writer, in the epic poem Paradise Lost (c. 1665). Milton used this term to refer to hell. Literally, pandemonium means the â€Å"place of all demons. † We now use the term to refer to places that are like hell, or what we imagine hell to be. Pandemonium is also used to refer to a state of confusion and chaos. DOCUMENTATION: John Milton â€Å" The Debate in Pandemonium, from ‘Paradise Lost† The Bibliophile Library of Literature, Art, and Rare Manuscripts. Web. 30 Sep. 2012 http://www. unz. org/Pub/DoleNathan-1904v10-03226 5. Who won the Academy Award for best actor in 1982, and for what film? ANSWER: The academy Award for the best actor was won by BEN KINGSLEY in â€Å"Gandhi† for his performance in that movie. DOCUMENTATION: Tim Dirks â€Å"The Oscars 1980s. † Web. 30 Sep. 2012. http://www. filmsite. org/aa82. html 6. What famous twentieth century American author wrote The Old Man and the Sea? ANSWER: the Nobel Prize in Literature 1954 was awarded to Ernest Hemingway DOCUMENTATION: â€Å"The Nobel Prize in Literature 1954†³.. 1 Oct 2012 Web. 30 Sep. 2012 http://www. nobelprize. org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1954/ 7. What is the name of the nearest major galaxy to our own Milky Way galaxy? ANSWER: The nearest major galaxy to our own Milky Way galaxy is Canis Major DOCUMENTATION: Roy. Astron â€Å" A dwarf galaxy remnant in Canis Major†. Soc. 348:12,2004 Web, 30 Sep. 2012 http://xxx. lanl. gov/abs/astro-ph/0311010 8. When did the famous English poet and playwright William Shakespeare live? ANSWER: William Shakespeare was born in 1564. He grew up in Tudor  England in the time of Queen Elizabeth I. He lived in exciting times. Francis Drake sailed around the world (1577-1580). DOCUMENTATION: Ackroyd, Peter (2006), Shakespeare: The Biography, London: Web. 30 Sep. 2012. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/William_Shakespeare 9. What large library existed in ancient Egypt? ANSWER: The Royal Library of Alexandria, or Ancient Library of Alexandria, in Alexandria, Egypt DOCUMENTATION: John O’Neill. â€Å" The fate of the library of Alexandria† Web. 23 Sep. 2012 http://www. americanthinker. com/2010/05/the_fate_of_the_library_of_ale. html 10. What city hosted the first ever Winter Olympics, and in what year? ANSWER: The Winter Olympics first took place in 1924, in Chamonix, France. DOCUMENTATION: â€Å"Social Studies for kids† July 3. 2012 Web. 30 Sep. 2012 http://www. socialstudiesforkids. com/articles/sports/winter_olympics_first1. htm How to cite Death Penalty, Papers Death Penalty Free Essays CAPITAL PUNISHMENT If there are people who are in favor of capital punishment, there are also those who want it to be abolished. Capital punishment is nothing but an act of violence. There is nothing more inhumane than tolerating the killing of another human being. We will write a custom essay sample on Death Penalty or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is indeed very paradoxical that the state will allow the execution of a human person as a solution to crime and violence. It is said that: â€Å"legalized homicide as punishment is generally inconsistent with the values it is presumed to protect, and in a broader context is demeaning of the dignity of human life. (Capital Punishment: British Columbia Civil Liberties Association, p. 1). Violence will never be the right solution to the rising criminality. It bears stressing that when the society tolerates execution as a solution to criminality, in effect, we are leaving an imprint on the minds of the youth that the proper approach to violence is to impose violence. Violence begets violence. It is sad that when this happens we are legitimizing violence in our society. Thus, we argue that capital punishment should be abolished because it degrades the value of human life. Capital punishment is also perceived to be beneficial for the society because it deters the criminal from committing another crime and it prevents the other criminals from committing the same crime. It must however be emphasized that until now there has been no scientific literature that will prove that there is a causal connection or a cause and effect relationship between capital punishment and the commission of a crime. Further, there is empirical research that will prove that a great majority of crimes being committed in our contemporary society are either crimes of passion or crimes that are not premeditated or planned. Logic will tell us that if a crime is committed in a fit of rage and anger then the thought of being executed for a would-be criminal offender will not serve any deterrent purpose because at the time of the commission of the crime he is no longer capable of making rational calculations about the benefits and disadvantages of his actions. The third objection against capital punishment is that it is always possible that an inmate who is on death row may turn out to be innocent. There are flaws in every criminal justice system. We adopt the adversarial system wherein the prosecution and defense have sufficient freedom to control the manner and process of presenting evidence. In this system, the judge acts merely as a passive arbiter who ensures that everything is in order and decides on the issues presented to him. In this system, the prosecution lawyers in their haste to â€Å"win† their case, more often than not, are obsessed not with finding the truth but with the conviction of the accused. The public prosecutors, on the other hand, are already burdened with the number of cases they are currently handling that they can no longer adequately defend the cause of the accused. The result is that we have a justice system wherein only those who can afford the best lawyers can be adequately represented or defended in court. In this justice system the accused is at the mercy of the public prosecutor. Thus it is not surprising that most people who are languishing in jail are those living below the poverty line who have no means to pay for a competent lawyer to defend themselves in a court of law. On the other hand, those who are financially capable can hire skilled lawyers who can assist and defend them. Thus, Christina Swarns (2004) states that: â€Å"The primary reason for this economic disparity is that the poor are systematically denied access to well-trained and adequately funded lawyers. Capital defense is now a highly specialized field requiring practitioners to successfully negotiate minefield upon mine field of exacting and arcane death-penalty law. Any misstep along the way can literally mean death for the client† (Christina Swarns p 3) Death penalty is a process that is irreversible. Once it is imposed it can no longer be taken back by the state. In the past, there have always been cases where a convict was perceived by the public to have been arbitrarily imposed the capital punishment. (Bryan Vila, Cynthia Morris, p. 69) It bears stressing that when a person is sentenced to death, he can no longer be benefited by any amendments in laws. Likewise, he can no longer be benefited by the possibility that new evidence will be discovered that will exonerate him. It bears stressing that no less than scientific evidence has in the past been used to reverse past convictions. A study conducted by Bruce Robinson (2002) states that at least 350 people between 1900 an d 1985 in America might have been innocent of the crime for which they were convicted, and could have been sentenced to death. † (Bruce Robinson, p. 2) How to cite Death Penalty, Papers

Case Study On Pegasus Airlines - Free Sample & Solution

Question: Describe about the Case Study of Pegasus Airlines and TESCO? Answer: Examples of need, wants and demands according to Pegasus Customers Needs: What the Pegasus customer wants more service in terms of social network relationship. In the social networking sites, they provide various gaming options which give their customers additional facilities like free tickets and discounts. What customers want is the better quality of service and nor facilities to be provided. Wants: The want of the customer of Pegasus is that the company must provide safe travelling along with economically affordable price of ticket. The customer wants their airline to provide types of facilities like good food, easy check post etc. Apart from these the customer also expects services that would be time saving without trouble and solving their grievances as earlier as possible. Demand: What the customer demands from Pegasus is low cost of travelling, safe journey and effective services. In order to serve their customer Pegasus provides certain services like E-tickets, communication via internet like messaging or mailing. Differentiating the needs wants and demands The needs are what the company must provide, the want is what the customer wants and the company should think of it, and the customer demand is what the company should look after. What customer wants are facilities from Pegasus even without travelling in it. What customer demands and need is the minimum service that Pegasus provides (Shaw, 2007). Safe journey is not only what customer wants but they also need to have a safe journey. The implication of need wants and demands for Pegasus practices. Facets of Pegasus product Pegasus is the first Airline of Turkey that was of low cost. They have credit card that reduces their insurance rates. Apart from that they provide Electronic Ticket policy which gives information via text message and email in order to make communication with customers effective. They provide facility similar to the procedure followed by other flights. Here the customer gets relatively low price cost for the tickets if they book as early as 60 days before travelling. They offer Cards for credit loyalty that help the customers to decreases the insurance rates (Pegasus.co.uk, 2015). Amenities such as Hotel partners, parking facility, discounts offers, in plane bulletin, etc are also provided. Their main aim is to provide efficient hospitality with their potential customer crew. They try to maintain relationship in Social networking sites in order to remain in touch with their customer for efficient CRM and increasing customer loyalty. Pegasus provides all kinds of supplementary, like an operation of one class interior configuration where the customer can pay small premium price. 10% discount to passengers of International flights. It has Pegasus Flying caf where a various range of refreshments are available. 5 marketing management concept applied in Pegasus Production Concept: This is one of the earliest forms of notion in business marketing .This perception is based on the fact that customers prefer only those products which are economical in price and are available widely. This type of concept is thriving in almost in every developing country, where the prime concern for customers lies in acquiring more form the product than in its features. Pegasus has a yield management strategy for pricing of tickets, where those who books the flight 60 days before they receives savings (Glowed Smyczek, 2011). Product Concept: According to this concept the customers favor simply those services and products which present the increased quality, effectual performance or possess innovative features. Like the system of Pegasus electronic policy is well appreciated by the customers. This can be considered as one of the quality of Pegasus Airlines. The Selling Concept: The selling concept of marketing is based on the reality that the businesses and the customers, if left unaided, will typically not purchase sufficient amount of the products.The company should therefore carry out an adamant promotional and selling strategy. The Supplementary provided by Pegasus along with their travelling service proves to be efficient strategy to attract more customers. The Marketing Concept: The marketing concept is more effectual in the communication, deliverance and creation of standards to its target customers and in the success of managerial objectives which also helps to have competitive advantage over others. The Marketing Concept focuses mainly on the requirements of the customers; Pegasus is one such company who are truly customer focused and loves their customers. They have provided various facilities for their customers. The Societal Marketing Concept: The concept of societal marketing is that the role of the business group is to decide the wants and necessities, preferences and tastes of the target market. Pegasus has partnership with hotels and they also provide parking facilities to their customers, this idea was initiated after conducting various surveys and getting customer feedback. Value created by Pegasus for its customers The value created by Pegasus for its customers is that they promote well being of all. They provide integrity in their service, q good quality of their products and services, on time delivery valuing the time of their customers and provide a safe communication (Pegasus.net.au, 2015). The Success of customer relationship in Pegasus: Pegasus is likely to continue being successful in building a good customer relationship because Pegasus service and product is totally customer oriented. They provide service and products according to customers needs, wants and demand. Because it ensures successful service, engages creative communication policies and uses efficient management techniques (Customer Relationship Management, 2011). Analyzing the buyer decision process of a traditional Porche customer A: the general 5 steps in buyers decision making are (Pride and Ferrell, n.d.): Recognizing the need Searching for information Evaluation of alternative products Decision to purchase The post- purchase behavior. According to the above process of decision making of customers, the first three stages are considered when a customer faces a complex or new situation of purchasing (Otnes and Tuncay-Zayer, 2012). But Porche is already a known and reputed product among its customers. Due to this reason customers skip the first three stages they decide to purchase form Porche followed by the next stage of post purchase behavior. Contrast between traditional Porche customer process with decision process of Cayenne or a Panamera customer. The basic difference between a Porche model and Cayenne is that Cayenne is a crossover mid-sized model which has 5doors and 5 seats utility sports vehicle where Panamera is luxury car of full sized which has fastback 5 doors (Porsche AG - Dr. Ing. h.c. F. Porsche AG, 2015). These differences makes the decision making process of marketing different. In that case the first three steps are applied. Both the customers of the companies have the same need recognition but at the second step, they already know about the product. In third steps the customers prefer new models over old. Porche is one and only automobile which is highly distinctive. Finally the fourth step is followed by customers of both the companies (Taneja, 2010). Concept that explained why Porche sold so many low priced models in 1970s and 1980s In order to Change the buyers decision making process Porche had differentiated their products. The process of adoption defines the achievement of Porche for its high scale within a certain time.teh adoption process starts with first hearing about the product till final adoption. At first the consumers becomes well aware of the models then they learn about its new features. (Hall-Geisler, 2015) Thirdly they assume about the worth of trying the product and fourthly they take a trial. After trying the products the consumers adopts the models, which ultimately results in good sales for the models. How positive and negative attitude towards a Porche develop and how can they change the consumer attitude towards the brand: In Porche the negative attitudes are the production image becoming numerous but not niche, and the higher price availing certain people to buy (Hill and Jones, n.d.). The Positive attitudes are the separation of upper and lower class for the Upper middle class section and to maximize the utility satisfaction and create exclusivity. Porche manages to keep both positive and negative attitudes in balance and emphasizes over the image of high performance due to its known exclusive worldwide brand name and feature. Role of Porche brand play in self-concept of its buyer If the customers of the cars are divided into two groups then there are the Upper class people who belongs to high income group and high social status and the other group will be people with low income and from lower social status. Since the beginning of production of exclusive cars, Porches target customers had been the upper class. If the prices do Porche were affordable to everyone then it would have destroyed the high social status of the brand which can be considered as negative attitude of the upper class (Leffingwell, 2011). Instead of doing that Porche aims for a very narrow section of people who are financially successful as due to high quality the price is high. Without any argument or criticism Porche creates a brand of uniqueness and exclusivity and elevate their buyer under their own class category. The meaning of John Lewis Brand to its consumers The John Lewis brand means as one stop that gives almost every type of product that a customer is looking for. It also means that the quality of the products of John Lewis is distinguished for their customers. They claim that their customers are well acquainted with the fact John Lewis doesnt compromises with the quality of their product (Cook, 2015). The service quality is also a remarkable feature of John Lewis as the customers are attracted with it song held promise that assures never knowingly undersold by rivals. This is due to the ownership structure in John Lewis (JLP Careers, 2015). The brand strength for the company moving forward in tough economic conditions This brand is strength during tough economic conditions of the high street as because the customers are loyal to its quality and product availability and services (Themarketer.co.uk, 2015). That is why in the first half of recession the company was able to hold the loyalty of its customers. What is John Lewis is actually selling and what the loyal customers are buying What John Lewis is actually selling is their unusual ownership structure. Even the outsiders agree that the structure of the organization had played a major role to it success. The ownership also provides a strong and effective customer service (Knowledge, 2015). The Service is the core product that provides after sale service and good customer service where they are known for being the best advisor to their customer. The Actual product is the availability of various ranges of product at one stop and the augmented products are the warranty of their product (Blythe, n.d.). Recommendations for the managing directors for future of John Lewis Partnership John Lewis requires expanding their business in global forum which would generate higher revenue for its sales. This can be achieved with partnerships with known brands. John Lewis needs to bring their brand closer to their customers. They need to have better partnership with brands but then there is a fear of disagreements. Thus it would be better for John Lewis to go for companies that would support for a long run. Presently with its idea for expanding their business in Europe, Victoria Gate seems to be a better place for its expansion. The element of successful service model of John Lewis and public sector applications The Lewis model can be very much applicable for the public sector employees (Baxendaleownership.co.uk, 2015).The Lewis business model provides to its employees a part ownership to its company, a share of its annual profits. The department of British Government has become an emblem of new capitalism according to the politicians. The Staffs of John Lewis gave an effective lesson to the police of the British Government in order to be more considerate and professional while dealing with crime witnesses and victims. It is difficult to establish the John Lewis model in public sector but it is not impossible (Cave, 2014). If a hospital can be like John Lewis Shop Following the Lewis model hospitals can be like a John Lewis shop but there are certain limitations. The shares can be distributes to the employees of a hospital but that is not because the employees should have the thought of becoming affluent. The sole purpose for shares being distributed to the employees of a hospital should be to have control over the organizations. The Lewis model is an initiative for employee engagement. Thus such kind of employee engagement is very much required for hospitality sectors which majorly depend on Service. If the service is considered then service provided in John Lewis shop and in a hospital differs. The services provided but John Lewis is not a compulsory part for the customers whereas the service in a hospital is a compulsory part. The customer of a hospital needs a good quality of service for his survival and good health. If a hospital follows the John Lewis shop style structure then it might turn out to be difficult for a hospital to survive. The barriers for a hospital to be like John Lewis Shop: Generally in hospital the profit earned is not used for benefit of the shareholder but for investing in the business. The profit dividend is not shared among its shareholders (North, 2014). There are systems of providing incentives and bonus which is considered sufficient for employee motivation. In john Lewis, 69,000 staff owns John Lewis, Green Bee and Waitrose (nibusinessinfo.co.uk, 2015). Providing ownership to the staff of a hospital would result in low generation of fund. It is because the staff would receive dividends as a part of their profit or share but they would not easily invest for the organization. Case IV TESCO Cohens price motto and the Big Price Drop: Cohens intention of Pile them high and sell them cheap is a strategy of Selling products is offers like Buy One get One free etc. what the Big Price drop campaign assured its customers a price cut over 3000 essential products across their stores making the consumer shopping cost more cheaper. This was one of the promotional strategy of TESCO that had brought over 500 million Pound in their fund. Cohens motto was successful with the big price drop as it also followed the strategy of pile them up and sell them high. Pricing at the food market and position its offers and customers willingness to pay different prices Tesco understood that the consumers are more attracted to low price availabilities and for that they started introducing various schemes like free offers on essential items then offering other types of accessibilities etc. It was clear that Tesco wanted to recycle wastage but then after being criticized they changed the offers from buy one get one free to buy one get one free for the next week. In providing additional offers TESCO found that typical consumers goes from supermarket to supermarket looking for the best deals, so what TESCO reduced gross costs for their consumers in supermarket. Advantages of Tescos Club Cards in Price Strategy: The Club card system is a kind of loyalty card where points are earned after continuous purchase of items from Tesco. Using the services the customer earns one single point for every 1 Euro. The card holders can also get extra points on special offers (Loyaltysquare.com, 2015). These Club cards help the manager in developing pricing strategies like: They help in the day to day management of the product range New product development Helps in understanding the need of the customers It also helps in setting prices in various target groups. The club cards help the managers to understand the general tendency of expenditure of the customers. This means they can estimate the average money spend by their customer for their products. This helps them to set their product prices which come under the budget of their customers. Since 1919 which major pricing strategies have TESCO demonstrated evidence of adopting? Since 1919, the biggest successful pricing strategy had been the Club card. It is so because not only it created a loyalty among its customers but it also helped the managers to find the customers need and understanding their wants. Tesco had been one of the foremost companies to introduce club card system. It started with the investigation of potential loyalty of the customers of Tesco. The scheme was designed and launched in 1990 which finally made a big impact to its customer. This was the most effective price strategy of Tesco since 1919. Cliona Lynch prediction on Tesco: When Tesco introduced a price strategy the big price drop, it introduces a 5 off with a 40 voucher where the tagline suggested that it is a way of showing gratification to their customers. Their competitors criticized this strategy as a short term attention-grabber. To this concept Cliona Lynch an analyst of retail stated that Tesco will focus on Quality and variety (Sarbah Sarbah, 2010). This is because the pricing strategies are no more competitive and innovative to compete in the market. No recent strategies have brought enough change in the sales and revenue pattern. So now for Tesco improving their variety of product range and quality should be prime target. The role of Price deals in future promotional strategies for Tesco: Price deals had always played a big role for promotional strategies for any retail market. The retail market has to survive with changes in the market and cut-throat competition with its competitors. The retailers had to find out daily promotional strategies in order to compete. Price deal is the most effective promotional strategies. Tesco definitely needs innovative strategies but the price deals should also run parallel. A number of multinational retail and grocery are growing and thus the survival of Tesco would not only lie to its customers loyalty but also how far Tesco can move to create attractive price deals for its customer (Lambard, 2014). References Baxendaleownership.co.uk, (2015).Public sector employee ownership | Baxendale Ownership (formerly Baxi Partnership). [online] Available at: https://www.baxendaleownership.co.uk/why-employee-ownership/public-sector-employee-ownership/ [Accessed 3 Mar. 2015]. Blythe, J. (n.d.).CIM Coursebook 08/09 Marketing Essentials. Taylor Francis. Cave, A. (2014).Could the John Lewis model work in any industry? - Telegraph. [online] Telegraph.co.uk. Available at: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/festival-of-business/11229674/Could-the-John-Lewis-model-work-in-any-industry.html [Accessed 4 Mar. 2015]. Cook, S. (2015).Customer Care Excellence: How to Create an Effective Customer Focus. 6th ed. Kogan Page, p.288 pages. Customer Relationship Management. (2011). 1st ed. [ebook] Pegasus. Available at: https://partners.pegasus.co.uk/downloads/marketing-materials/crm-brochure-a5.pdf [Accessed 4 Mar. 2015]. Glowik, M. and Smyczek, S. (2011).International Marketing Management: Strategies, Concepts and Cases in Europe. Munich: Oldenbourg Verlag, p.338. Hall-Geisler, K. (2015).How Porsche Became a Legend of Luxury Automobiles. [online] About.com Autos. Available at: https://exoticcars.about.com/od/overviewsofmaker1/p/PorscheHistory.htm [Accessed 4 Mar. 2015]. Hill, C. and Jones, G. (n.d.).Strategic management theory. JLP Careers, (2015).John Lewis Partnership Careers. [online] Available at: https://jlpjobs.com/ [Accessed 4 Mar. 2015]. Knowledge, J. (2015).John Lewis Partnership - Our customers. [online] Johnlewispartnership.co.uk. Available at: https://www.johnlewispartnership.co.uk/csr/our-customers.html [Accessed 4 Mar. 2015]. Lambard, S. (2014).Tesco value: How cheap are the troubled giant's shares?. [online] This is Money. 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[online] Available at: https://www.pegasus.co.uk/content.asp?PagePath=Home/Software/Case%20Studies/Pegasus%20CRM%20Boosts%20Business%20at%20Intsys [Accessed 3 Mar. 2015]. Pegasus.net.au, (2015).Pegasus | Our Strategy: Vision, Mission and Values. [online] Available at: https://pegasus.net.au/about/our_values [Accessed 3 Mar. 2015]. Porsche AG - Dr. Ing. h.c. F. Porsche AG, (2015).Porsche Cayenne model overview - Porsche AG. [online] Available at: https://www.porsche.com/international/models/cayenne/ [Accessed 4 Mar. 2015]. Pride, W. and Ferrell, O. (n.d.).Foundations of marketing. Sarbah, J. and Sarbah, J. (2010).YouGov | Tesco: 'Quantity over quality?'. [online] YouGov: What the world thinks. Available at: https://yougov.co.uk/news/2010/04/29/tesco-quantity-over-quality/ [Accessed 4 Mar. 2015]. Shaw, S. (2007).Airline marketing and management. Aldershot [u.a]: Ashgate. Taneja, N. (2010).Looking beyond the runway. Burlington, VT: Ashgate Pub. Co. 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Financial Turmoil In Asia free essay sample

Discusses some of the causes of the financial crisis in East Asia in 1997. Examines the possible future direction of these economies and potential ramifications for future choices. The financial turmoil in East Asia has affected markets in different parts of the world and has had a particularly devastating effect on the countries of East Asia itself. The causes are both internal and external. Over the past decade international capital markets have been globalized and money has flowed in huge volumes into developing economies that are supposedly offering high rates of return. For example, the initial financial crisis in Thailand was instigated by foreign capital flowing to offshore Thai banking facilities. This money was in turn lent at extremely low interest rates to local real estate developers and entrepreneurs in the country. When the Thai currency was forced off its peg those who had borrowed in dollars suddenly found their loans much more expensive than originally expected (Let this be a lesson 71). We will write a custom essay sample on Financial Turmoil In Asia or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page